Colonoscopy

What is a Colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is a procedure used to detect changes or abnormalities in the large intestine (colon) and rectum. A colonoscopy is also performed to screen for colon cancer, look for and remove polyps, and investigate other intestinal symptoms.

During a colonoscopy, a long, flexible tube called a colonoscope is inserted into the rectum. A tiny camera attached to the end of the colonoscope allows your doctor to examine the entire inside of the colon.

Preparing for a Colonoscopy

Your colon must be completely cleaned out before your colonoscopy to ensure the best examination. Your doctor will instruct you to take a strong laxative the night before your procedure and again the morning of the procedure. You should not eat solid food the day before your colonoscopy, but you may drink clear liquids until a couple of hours before the procedure. It is very important to discuss any daily medications you take with your doctor before your colonoscopy, especially blood thinners. Your doctor will provide you with detailed instructions to follow in the days leading up to your colonoscopy.

What to expect during a Colonoscopy

A colonoscopy typically lasts around 20 minutes but may take longer if biopsies are performed. Before the procedure, you will receive a sedative to help reduce any discomfort. Your doctor will instruct you to lie on your side before gently inserting the colonoscope into your rectum. Air will be introduced into your colon to expand it, allowing your doctor to obtain a clear view of the lining of the colon. The camera attached to the end of the colonoscope transmits images to a monitor, allowing your doctor to closely examine the inside of your colon.

As your colon is inflated with air, you may experience mild abdominal cramping or the urge to have a bowel movement. These side effects are temporary and generally mild. After the procedure, you may notice a small amount of blood during your first bowel movement, which is typically not a cause for alarm. Once your colonoscopy is complete, you will remain under supervision until the sedative begins to wear off. However, the sedative may take up to a full day to completely wear off, so you will need someone to drive you home after your procedure. Most patients are able to return to work the following day.