Barrett’s Esophagus
What is Barrett’s Esophagus?
Barrett’s esophagus is a condition in which the normal lining of the esophagus changes after prolonged exposure to stomach acid, most commonly due to chronic acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). While Barrett’s esophagus itself may not cause noticeable symptoms beyond reflux, it is considered an important condition because it can increase the risk of esophageal cancer over time.
Symptoms
- Frequent or persistent heartburn
- Acid reflux or regurgitation
- Difficulty swallowing
- Chest discomfort or burning
- Chronic cough or throat irritation
- Hoarseness or frequent throat clearing
- Sensation of food getting stuck
Causes & Risk Factors
Barrett’s esophagus is most commonly associated with long-term acid reflux and chronic GERD. Additional risk factors may include obesity, smoking, hiatal hernia, advancing age, and a family history of Barrett’s esophagus or esophageal cancer.
Gastroenterological Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis is typically made through an upper endoscopy with biopsy evaluation to identify changes in the esophageal lining. Treatment focuses on controlling acid reflux through lifestyle modifications, medications that reduce stomach acid, and ongoing surveillance endoscopy to monitor for precancerous changes. In some cases, advanced endoscopic procedures may be recommended to remove or treat abnormal tissue, such as Radio Frequency Ablation. Performed by Dr. Travis Wiggins, Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) uses targeted heat energy delivered via a specialized catheter during an upper endoscopy to burn and destroy abnormal, precancerous cells. The burned tissue sloughs off over 48 to 72 hours following the procedure. The patient is then treated with a high dose of proton pump inhibitor, a potent acid suppressive medicine, and an ulcer coating agent called sucralfate. Over a period of six to eight weeks, the area will be replaced by new, healthy lining.