What is Barrett's Esophagus?
Barrett’s esophagus is a condition in which the normal lining of the esophagus changes after prolonged exposure to stomach acid, most commonly due to chronic acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). While Barrett’s esophagus itself may not cause noticeable symptoms beyond reflux, it is considered an important condition because it can increase the risk of esophageal cancer over time.
Symptoms
- Frequent or persistent heartburn
- Acid reflux or regurgitation
- Difficulty swallowing
- Chest discomfort or burning
- Chronic cough or throat irritation
- Hoarseness or frequent throat clearing
- Sensation of food getting stuck
Causes & Risk Factors
Barrett’s esophagus is most commonly associated with long-term acid reflux and chronic GERD. Additional risk factors may include obesity, smoking, hiatal hernia, advancing age, and a family history of Barrett’s esophagus or esophageal cancer.
Gastroenterological Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis is typically made through an upper endoscopy with biopsy evaluation to identify changes in the esophageal lining. Treatment focuses on controlling acid reflux through lifestyle modifications, medications that reduce stomach acid, and ongoing surveillance endoscopy to monitor for precancerous changes. In some cases, advanced endoscopic procedures may be recommended to remove or treat abnormal tissue.