What is GERD?
GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, is a chronic digestive condition in which stomach acid frequently flows backward into the esophagus. Over time, repeated acid exposure can irritate and damage the lining of the esophagus.
Symptoms
- Persistent heartburn
- Acid reflux or regurgitation
- Chest discomfort
- Chronic cough
- Hoarseness
- Difficulty swallowing
- Sore throat or throat irritation
Causes & Risk Factors
GERD may result from weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter, obesity, smoking, pregnancy, hiatal hernia, dietary triggers, or delayed stomach emptying.
Gastroenterological Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis may include symptom evaluation, upper endoscopy, pH monitoring, or imaging studies. Treatment commonly involves dietary and lifestyle modifications, acid-reducing medications, and ongoing monitoring. More advanced cases may require endoscopic or surgical intervention.